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Convict Exiles Index

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Transportation to NSW effectively ceased in 1842 but between 1846-1850 exiles were transported. Exiles had served part of their sentence in a penitentiary in Britain and were granted a conditional pardon or ticket of leave on arrival in the Colony.  This index covers the period 1849-50 only.
  • Record series in the index: NRS 12202, NRS 12223, NRS 12192 (indexed by staff), Surgeon Superintendent's Journals (PRO Reels 3187, 3197, 3205, 3208), Returns of Exiles employed at Darling Downs 1850-52 (Mitchell Library, A1764; CY789)
  • Entries in the index: 3,000+

A note about the index

Convict Exiles transported on the following ships are included in this index: Adelaide, Anna Maria, Bangalore, Eden, Hashemy, Havering, Joseph Somes, Mt Stewart Elphinstone, Maitland, Marion, Thomas Arbuthnot and Randolph.

The Index includes the individual's name, ship and year of arrival, date, place of trial, and sentence is included if known. The remarks column may sometimes include information on offence, employment, marriage, death, or record certificate of freedom or pardon numbers.

Acknowledgement

We wish to acknowledge the contribution of Mrs Joan Reese in compiling the index

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  • Convict Pardons: Conditional and Absolute

    Convicts with a life sentence could receive a pardon but not a Certificate of Freedom. The two main types of pardons were:

    • Conditional pardon - the convict was free as long as they remained in the colony. The vast majority of convicts granted pardons were granted a conditional pardon
    • Absolute pardon - the convict's sentence was entirely remitted. That is, they were free both within and outside of the colony and could return to Britain.
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  • Moreton Bay Penal Settlement

    The Moreton Bay penal colony, on traditional Turrbal and Yuggera land, operated from 1824 to 1842 as a place of secondary punishment for convicts who committed serious offences. In 1842 it was declared open for free settlement. It became the city of Brisbane.

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    A list of convict records in our Collection relating to Van Diemen's Land.

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    Penal settlements were places of incarceration and punishment for convicts who committed serious offences after reaching New South Wales.

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  • Convict assignment records

    On arrival, a convict was either retained by the Government or assigned to an individual. Assigned male convicts were generally employed as field labourers, or tradesmen; women became domestic servants. Government convicts were most often engaged on public works projects. The majority of women convicts were engaged in the manufacture of wool and linen at the Parramatta Female Factory. A smaller number were employed as hospital nurses and midwives, as servants to officers, and in caring for orphans. Please be aware that very few records of assignment have survived.

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  • Convicts Guide

    Between 1788 and 1842 about 80,000 convicts were transported to New South Wales. Of these, approximately 85% were men and 15% were women. Almost two thirds of convicts were English (along with a small number of Scottish and Welsh), with the Irish making up the remaining one third. Convicts were usually given sentences of transportation for seven, 14 years or life. Some convicts in the 1830s received ten-year sentences. About one quarter of the convicts were sentenced to 'the term of their natural lives', and a proportion of these had reprieves from the death sentence.

     

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